During the Middle Ages, a practice called the "sanctification of paintings" permitted about 50 artists to paint replicas of the Shroud and then lay their paintings over the Shroud to "sanctify" them. Some microscopic particles of paint do exist on the Shroud, but these do not constitute the image. The image is a photographic negative, and is clearly not a painting no evidence of pigments or media was found forming the image. The average date is compatible with the historic date of Jesus' death on the cross in 30 AD.(Fanti et al, 2013)(Fanti & Malfi, 2013)(Fanti & Gaeta, 2013). The average of all three dates is 33 BC + 250 years (the collective uncertainty is less than the individual test uncertainties). They produced the following dates: FTIR = 300 BC + 400 years Raman spectroscopy = 200 BC + 500 years and multi-parametric mechanical = 400 AD + 400 years. The results were compared to similar tests on samples of cloth from between 3250 BC and 2000 AD whose dates are accurately known. The mechanical test measured several micro-mechanical characteristics of flax fibers, such as tensile strength. The chemical tests were done with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, examining the relationship between age and a spectral property of ancient flax textiles. Three tests were conducted, two chemical and one mechanical. The new tests were carried out in University of Padua laboratories by professors from various Italian universities, led by Giulio Fanti, Italian professor of mechanical and thermal measurement at the University of Padua's department of industrial engineering. Riggi passed away in 2008, but he had been involved in the intensive scientific examination of the Shroud of Turin by the STURP group in 1978, and on Apwas the man who cut from the Shroud the thin 7 x 1 cm sliver of linen that was used for carbon dating. In 2013, a number of Italian scientists published results of tests made on fibers taken from the Shroud, provided by microscopist Giovanni Riggi di Numana. Ray Rogers, retired Fellow with the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory and lead chemist with the STURP team concluded that the sample cut from The Shroud of Turin in 1988 was taken from an area of the cloth that was re-woven during the middle ages.(Rogers, 2005)
#Blood type shroud of turin professional#
Their results dated the sample to between 12 AD.Ī paper in the professional journal ThermoChimica Acta by Dr. In 1988, 3 laboratories conducted radiocarbon dating tests on pieces of a sample taken from a corner of the shroud. Beginning in 1978, 33 researchers comprising the Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP) were given access to the Shroud for 5 days, conducting data-gathering experiments, measurements and tests.
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